A very wide range of different paint and varnish materials are used in construction. They can be divided into two large groups, aqueous and non-aqueous (based on organic solvents.)
Water colors include:
– water-soluble (calcareous, adhesive, etc.), forming a coating with low water resistance;
– water-emulsion, forming an elastic and very strong film on the surface, which “breathes”, i.e. allows water vapor and air to pass through (such coatings can be washed).
Non-aqueous paints include:
– oily, which are a mixture of pigments, fillers and oils. They are used in rooms with high hygienic requirements, in which the color must be mechanically strong;
– synthetic (polyvinyl acetate, acrylic, etc.).
Among them are coatings that can protect any materials used in construction (for example: wood, steel, light metals and alloys, plastics, concrete, plaster) from corrosion and decomposition. They can also perform decorative functions. Paints containing a solvent are mainly alkyd paints with white spirit and aromatic solvents. Paints made on the basis of synthetic resins and two-component paints that contain hydrocarbon, complex ether solvents or ketone solvents are also used. The level of gloss varies from deep matte to high gloss. Water-based systems consist of pure acrylates, and the share of solvent brand 648 in them is less than 10%, glycols are also sometimes used. Gloss level: from deep matte to high gloss.
Emulsion paints, the solvent content of which is less than 4%, are made on the basis of vinyl or acrylic polymers and copolymers (for example, styrene). Gloss level: from matte to high gloss.
Since the decorative effect is very important for architectural paints, many paints of all colors and shades with different levels of gloss are produced. Color palettes of manufacturing companies contain samples of colors and shades produced by them.