Dichloromethane (methylene chloride, methylene chloride, ДЧМ, Methylene chloride, CH2Cl2) is a transparent, mobile and volatile liquid with a sweetish odor characteristic of halogen derivatives. Although methylene chloride is the least toxic of the haloalkanes, care must be taken when working with it, as it is highly volatile and can cause acute poisoning. Work should be carried out with a working hood or ventilation. In the body, dichloromethane is metabolized to carbon monoxide, which can cause poisoning. Prolonged contact with dichloromethane can cause its accumulation in fatty tissues and lead to burns. Also, with long-term work with it, liver damage and neuropathy are possible. Latex or nitrile gloves are not suitable for regular work with dichloromethane. Contact of dichloromethane with alkali metals leads to an explosion. MPC in the working area is 50 mg/m³, in reservoir water no more than 7.5 mg/l. KPV 12-22%.
Perchlorethylene (tetrachloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene C2Cl4) is a universal multifunctional solvent.
Perchlorethylene technical – a colorless transparent liquid almost insoluble in water without impurities of suspended and emulsified particles belongs to the group of chlorinated solvents. Among the chloroethyl derivatives, it has the least toxicity. Depresses the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has a hypnotic effect 2.4-2.8 times stronger than tetrachloromethane. It has an irritating effect. Penetrates through intact skin. Acute inhalation poisoning manifests itself in narcotic-type central nervous system depression with heart rhythm disturbances. To protect the respiratory system, a filtering industrial gas mask of brand A should be used. In conditions of high concentrations, hose insulating gas masks should be used. To avoid the formation of phosgene, use a B-grade or insulating gas mask. Skin protection (protective gloves, overalls), eyes (masks). First aid in case of inhalation poisoning, the victim must be immediately removed from the infected area to fresh air. Contaminated clothes should be removed, the skin should be washed with soap and water. In case of contact with skin and eyes, wash them with plenty of water. First aid is effective in the initial stages of intoxication, so all measures should be carried out decisively. You should consult a doctor as soon as possible.