Various types of wood are used for the manufacture of furniture (for example: wood, veneer, glued plywood, chipboard, MDF, pressed sawdust boards). Boards and veneers are made from different types of wood, which have very different properties, which are partly due to the amount of resins and essential oils in their composition. Therefore, resins and essential oils are often removed from wood with the help of organic solvents. This is necessary in order to prevent the appearance of cracks, loss of color and the appearance of other defects. However, before applying the paint coating, it is first necessary to make the wooden surface smooth with the help of sanding paper, apply putty, that is, prepare the surface for applying paint.
Modern furniture is usually treated with polyester, polyurethane or nitrocellulose varnishes, and old furniture can be covered with oil and alcohol varnishes. After all, its appearance and durability depend on what the surface of the finished furniture product is treated with.
For many years, nitrocellulose coating systems have been used for indoor furniture and other wood products. Nitrocellulose lacquers are produced in glossy (Нц-223 and Нц-584) and matte (Нц-243), in aerosol cans and cans (Нц-218). Varnish NC-218 is applied with a tampon or pipette in several layers, each layer is dried for 1 hour; consumption 120 g / m2. Solvents 646, 647 can be used for dilution.
Nitrocellulose varnishes are gradually being replaced by coatings made on the basis of polyurethanes and unsaturated polymers. Most modern coatings for wood and furniture are made on the basis of special acrylic resins and unsaturated polyesters, which harden under the influence of ultraviolet rays or electron beam radiation. Polyester coatings differ from all others in their transparency, hardness, mirror shine. Polyurethane coatings are close to them. Varnishes based on polyurethane are divided into: one-component and two-component. The first are ready to use without any additional preparation. The second, in full accordance with their name, consist of two independent components – the base and the fixative, and before use they must be mixed in a certain ratio.
You can also use alkyd, nitrocellulose and silicon organic enamels, as well as ready-to-use oil paints, for painting wooden furniture and various household items. The most common enamels are PF-560, PF-115, and PF-233.
